Edible polymers have established substantial deliberation in modern eons because of their benefits comprising use as edible materials over synthetic polymers. Infected branches of these plants bear highly pinnate leaves. This species is perhaps the most commercially important lac insect, being a main source of lac, a resin which can be refined into shellac and other products. Pdf discovery of lac insects laccifer lacca opens new. Lac, also spelled lack, sticky, resinous secretion of the tiny lac insect, laccifer lacca, which is a species of scale insect. Morphology, life cycle and economic uses of laccifer lacca nature. The lac insects live in cavities or cells made in the resin or lac secreted by them on their host plant. Pharmaceutics free fulltext modelling the effect of. The insect lac, laccifer lacca or kerria lacca belongs to family. Later chaterjee called the lacinsect as called as tachardia lacca or kerria lac and finally the name laccifera lacca was given. It is also unique material in as much as it is the only resin of animal origin, beingactually the secretion of a tiny insect, laccifer lacca. Enhancement of bloody fingerprints on nonporous surfaces. Lac insects laccifer lacca kerr live parasitically on kosambi plants, and produce resins that are called lac.
Coccoidea, the lac insect, in india in the late 18th century anantanarayanan raman close to 100 species of coccoids, grouped as lac insects, produce an oleoresin, better known as the shellac. During its life cycle, shellac flea secretes liquid known as lak and has many uses, such as varnishpolish, food cover, drug capsule, cassette ribbon, etc. May 05, 2015 shellac wax is purified from the secretion of lac insect, laccifer lacca. Gene expression and transmission in kerria lacca kerr. Shellac is a natural resin from the lac insect laccifer lacca. Uvabsorbing compounds, such as sunscreen preparations and antibacterial agents have been examined for photomutagenic activity 2 5. Pdf abstract unani and arab 7001200 ad physicians wrote about the medicinal properties of lac in their books. Shellac is a resin secreted by an insect called the lac bug laccifer lacca kerr coccidae. Colourants made from aphids and ivy gum heritage science. Other readers will always be interested in your opinion of the books youve read. Laccifera tachardia lacca is the most important lac producing insect of commercial importance. Shellac flea laccifer lacca kerr is a phytophagous insect, which lives on kesambi tree schleichera oleosa merr. Department of physiology,division of integrative physiology, jichi medical university, school of medicine, yakushiji 33111, shimotsuke, tochigi 3290498, japan.
There are six genera of lac insects, out of which only five secrete lac but only one of them, laccifer secretes recoverable lac. It secretes a protective shell that covers the twigs and branches it resides on. Medical advantages and medicinal uses of lac laccifer. In all 22 species have been recorded under the genus laccifer in indian subcontinent. Lac is traditionally used as a dye because of its coloring properties and it is obtained from laccifer lacca kerr. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to public sources of information to permit the authors peers to repeat the work. Biology laccifer lacca, female insect is viviparous, producing about nymphs, deep red in colour with black eyes, soft bodied, 0. To study the beneficial effect of mustard oil and salt massaging with oral prophylaxis in patients with gum diseases internet, u. Calliandra hosts a shellacproducing insect laccifer lacca wiersum et al. Lac can likewise be handled with some restorative herbs and home grown juices to make it compelling in wanted wellbeing conditions. The insect infests branches of various trees, such as butea monosperma lam. Current science is a fortnightly journal published since 1932 by the current science association, bangalore india in collaboration with the indian academy of. The main commercial species of lac insect in india is k.
Technology and innovation for sustainable development. Taking haritaki powder along with different adjuvants in different seasons is called ritu haritaki in ayurveda. Carmine lake was made from the cochineal insect from central and south america, kermes lake came from a different scale insect, kermes vermilio, which thrived on oak trees around the mediterranean. There has long been controversy in the identification of commercial lac species in china. Indian journal of pharmaceutical education and research. Later green 1922 and chatterjee 1915 called the ac insect as tachardia lacca kerr. Laccifer lacca insects included in the order hemiptera, family tachardiidae kerriidae, and insects included in this order are characterized by the mandible and maxillae modified into stylet, covered in labium modified to form beaks or rostrum. In rare instances, a publisher has elected to have a zero moving wall, so their current issues are available. Luk laccifer lacca is one of the most valuable gifts of nature to man. Lacca stock photos download 29 royalty free photos. Lac insect belongs laccifer of superfamily coccoidea of order hemiptera. Morphology, life cycle and economic uses of laccifer lacca. Lac insects are scale insects belonging to the family kerriidae.
It is found in tropical or subtropical regions on banyan and other plants. The lac insect, kerria laccifer lacca kerr belongs to the order hemiptera. The larvae settle down on a suitable place of the host plant. Status of two species of lac insects in the genus kerria from. A potent anticancer agent from laccifer lacca kerr article pdf available in indian journal of traditional knowledge 184. Cytological studies of the indian lac insect kerria lacca kerr resulted in contrary reports suggesting two quite distinct chromosome systems, the orthodox and the unorthodox. It is an exudation of the parasitic insect laccifer lacca kerr. It was found that the adsorption kinetics of lac dyes on.
The life cycle of this scale insect proceeds with the first instar. Evaluation of photomutagenicity and photocytotoxicity of. The authors and editor are to be congratulated for its accuracy, indepth coverage of content and high production quality. This insect deposits lac on the twigs and young branches of several varieties of soapberry and acacia trees and particularly on the sacred fig, ficus religiosa, in india, thailand, myanmar burma, and elsewhere in southeast asia. Herbs as a whole or their extracts have significant medicinal values1. Gene expression and transmission in kerria lacca kerr heredity. A number of species of lac insects are known, of this laccifer lacca is by far the most important and produces the bulk of the lac for commerce. An author should cite those publications that have been continue reading article guidelines. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. There has been growing interest in the dyeing of textiles with natural dyes. Cytological studies of the indian lac insect kerria lacca kerr resulted in contrary reports suggesting two quite distinct chromosome systems. India is still being regarded as the principal lac producing country of the world. There are six genera of lac insects, out of which only five secrete lac, and only one, i. This was a lacquer manufactured from the resin secreted by a small southeast asian insect, laccifer lacca.
As a food additive, shellac is recognized as safe in the food. Shellaca resin purified from the secretion of lac insects, laccifer lacca is one of the widely used natural materials in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics industry as a coating, glazing, and filmforming agent debeaufort et al. Sharma s 1, bhandari a 1, husain a 2, sharma rb 1, verma r 1 1faculty of pharmaceutical sciences, jodhpur national university, boranada, jodhpur, rajasthan. Pdf methods of processing of lac laccifer lacca kerr described. Shellaca resin purified from the secretion of lac insects, laccifer lacca is one of the widely used natural materials in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics industry as a. Cytological studies of the indian lac insect kerria lacca kerr resulted in contrary reports suggesting two quite distinct chromosome systems, the orthodox and the unorthodox lecanoid system. Now a days, it is widely used in food and coloring industry. Resins play no apparent role in the primary or fundamental physiology of the plant. The processes of extracting pigment from the lesserknown ivy, wormwood and the giant willow aphids were explored, whilst paint binder and colourant was obtained from ivy plant gum. Physiological role and therapeutic potential authors. Jun 27, 2018 the purpose of this study was to determine whether workable fleshtoned paints can be made from colourants from aphid insects and ivy gum using medieval gum and scale insect recipes.
The fresh collections in china were compared with k. These are in the superfamily coccoidea, the scale insects. Shellac is a natural resin secreted by the indian scale insect kerria lacca, also known as laccifer lacca kerr. Silk fabric was dyed with the colourant extracted from laccifer lacca kerr. Rostaman rostaman, bambang sugeng suryatna pdf indonesian 70. It is often used as phsensitive enteric coating due to its acid character and its high dissolution ph value of about 7. Download 29 lacca stock photos for free or amazingly low rates. The herbal medicines used are madhuca indica, santalum album, vetiveria zizanoides, emblica officinalis, symplocos racemosa along with lac resinous material secreted by laccifer lacca insect. Paper open access traditional cultivation of laccifer. Laccifer stock photos download 16 royalty free photos. It is widely used material in food and pharmaceutical fields as coating, glazing, and film forming agent 14, 15. Three industries, based on insects, have employed thousands of people. Part of the mouth specifically modified to pierce plant tissue and suck up liquid 1.
Status of two species of lac insects in the genus kerria from china. Some of these trees growing in the indian botanic garden, calcutta, were found heavily infected by lac insects, laccifer lacca kerr. Red lac was made from the gum lac, the dark red resinous substance secreted by various scale insects, particularly the laccifer lacca from india. Laboratory of pharmaceutical engineering, gifu pharmaceutical university, 561 mitahorahigashi, gifu, 5028585. The laccifer lacca lac beetle is a scale insect from the cohiael family. These four laccaic acids contain a structure of phenolconjugated anthraquinone, and the side chain linked to the phenol part specify each type of laccaic acid. This paper presents the first systematic investigation of handpainted magic lantern glass slides using multianalytical techniques combined with a critical analysis of historical written sources of the painting materials and techniques used to produce them. The family kerriidae contains nine genera and approximately 100 species bendov 2002, while the genus kerria. November, 2015 from the editor s desk in remote areas, many forest and tree foods make important contributions to household nutrition. In a previous study, the topical delivery to the colon area of nam was achieved by application of an adapted shellac coating.
Present study was designed to evaluate its protective and curative potential on liver enzymes in ccl4 2 mlkg of body weight i. Pdf abstract unani and arab 7001200 ad physicians wrote about. Magic lantern glass slides materials and techniques. It is a management system that integrates trees on farms in the agricultural landscapes including livestock. Discovery of lac insects laccifer lacca opens new era of integrated rural development in jammu. Lac insects in china were firstly named laccifer lacca in the 1950s liu 1957, 1959. Methods of processing of lac laccifer lacca kerr described.
It is obtained from the bark of the trees where the female insects live. The story of shellac and the laccifer lacca lac beetle. Entomology questions daily quizzes sugarcane questions agricultural study quiz questions agriculture courses, assistant agriculture officer. Lac is the resinous secretion of a number of species of lac insects, of which the most commonly cultivated is kerria lacca cultivation begins when a farmer gets a stick that contains eggs ready to hatch and ties it to the tree to be infested. Calliandra is a beautiful tree that is thus used as an ornamental tree in towns and gardens orwa et al. Calliandra is a good source of nectar for the production of high quality honey. Thousands of lac insects colonize the branches of the host trees and secrete the resinous pigment. On the internal anatomy of the female lac insect, laccifer lacca kerr homoptera. Lac definition is a resinous substance secreted by a scale insect laccifer lacca and used chiefly in the form of shellac. Entomology questions daily quiz 142 agri exam study. Introduction it is well known fact that the various medicinal plants describe in unani medicine play a vital role against range of diseases. The lac bug lives on trees, sucking the nutrients from the wood sap. It was a labourintensive and expensive process, requiring around 300,000 insects to produce 1 kg about 2. The research about the adsorption properties of natural dyes can help to understand their adsorption mechanism and to control their dyeing process.
Medical advantages and medicinal uses of laccifer lacca laksha lac purged lac is utilized as a part of ayurvedic prescriptions and unani medicine. The insects produce compact and thick natural resin and attached to the branch commonly called shellac. Peluang investasi dan strategi pengembangan usaha budidaya. In 1982, the genus laccifer was synonymized with kerria and this has generally been accepted in accordance with taxonomic studies in india varshney 1976.
Lac is a nontoxic resinous secretion of lac insect, laccifer lacca. Botanical description it is a mediumsized to large deciduous or nearly evergreen tree, up to 40 m in height, and 23. It is often unclear as to whether the insect is killed in the process of commercially obtaining shellac as the resin is left by the insect on various plants. World journal of pharmaceutical research wjpr will give best paper award in every issue in the form of money along with certificate to promote research activity of scholar. Evaluasi produktivitas kutu lak, laccifer lacca kerr. It has a reddish or darkbrown colour with a disagreeable smell. The target users of this document are mainly qualified general. This could contribute to the reduction of environmental contamination.
A secretion of lac scale insect laccifer lacca kerr has been used for extraction of lac color, an orange or a red color. The insect secretes it to form a tunnellike tube as it traverses the branches of tree. These seasonal regimens help to maintain health and increase. The indian lac insect laccifer lacca is important commercially.
Keanekaragaman parasitoid dan predator kutu lak laccifer. Whether youve loved the book or not, if you give your honest and detailed thoughts then people will find new books that are right for them. Pdf status of two species of lac insects in the genus. Pdf indonesian 60 evaluasi produktivitas kutu lak, laccifer lacca kerr. There are six genera of lac insects, of which five secrete lac and only one, i. Complimentary contributor copy complimentary contributor copy foreword agroforestry is traditionally practiced as an ageold tradition from the arctic to the south temperate region, but it is most extensive in the tropics. Silk fabrics dyed with laccifer lacca extract showed a light pink shade, while those dyed with alum and stannous chloride produces pinkishred.
This booklet evidence based ayurvedic practice is an effort to compile all such possible publications and present them in the. Handbook of natural dyes and pigments har bhajan singh. The taxonomic status of the chinese lac insects kerria yunnanensis ou and hong hemiptera. From the beetle to the tree, shellac embarks on a remarkable process before it is puri. Research on paddry dyeing and ultraviolet protection of. Measuring just 5mm in length when fully grown, it resides on trees in india and southern asia, such as the ficus, palas, kusum and ber trees. A resin, known as lac, is also produced by a number of species of lac insects. The commonest and most widely occurring species of lac insect in india is laccifer lacca kerr which produces the bulk of commercial lac. Page 1 of 6 shellac flakes cas no 9000593 material safety data sheet sdsmsds section 1. The females are globular in form and live on twigs in cells of resin created by exudations of lac.
Forest foods combine foods from plant and animal origin. The techniques for cleanings are distinctive in these sciences. Hippocratic journal of unani medicine 1 qabstract ursezarishk sagheer qzs is a pharmacopoeal compound preparation known to possess hepatoprotective effect. To evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial activity of different extracts along with identification of active constituents present in it. The pdf file you selected should load here if your web browser has a pdf reader plugin installed for example, a recent version of adobe acrobat reader if you would like more information about how to print, save, and work with pdfs, highwire press provides a helpful frequently asked questions about pdfs alternatively, you can download the pdf file directly to your computer, from where it. These insects are considered to be of great economic value. Download 16 laccifer stock photos for free or amazingly low rates. Status of two species of lac insects in the genus kerria. The main constituents are derivatives of anthraquinone, named laccaic acid a, b, c, and e. Kerria lacca is a species of insect in the family kerriidae, the lac insects. Members of two families of hemiptera, namely, lacciferidae and tachardinidae secrete lac over their bodies for protection. The magic lantern was an optical instrument used from the seventeenth to the twentieth century that attained great success and impact on.
It is also unique material in as much as it is the only resin of animal origin, being actually. This study is concerned with the kinetics and isotherms of adsorption of lac dyes on wool, silk, and nylon fibers. Chemically, it is composed of a complex mixture of polar and nonpolar components consisting of long chain fatty acids, wax esters, fatty alcohols, and. Lac culture zoology for ias, ifos and other competitive. Identification of the substancemixture and of the companyundertaking. Laclakh or laksha is a resin and wax mixture secretion from the scale insects as a hard protective covering.
Adsorption properties of lac dyes on wool, silk, and nylon. Laksha laccifer lacca 47 55 sobhanjana moringa oleifera 47. Laccifer lacca, resins, antiobesity, standardization. The photogenotoxic potential of drugs and cosmetic products has recently been the focus of intense research. Lac insects in china were firstly named laccifer lacca in the 1950s. Milk is specially prepared with these drugs and used daily as a continuous stream on forehead for one hour for a continuous period of 7 days. The effect of metal mordantats at different mordant concentration levels on their colour strength was also investigated. The compound used for electrical insulation at the time was shellac. The species of lac insects that is of most commercial importance is the indian laccifer lacca. Variated leaf shape of infected plants of samanea saman. This booklet evidence based ayurvedic practice is an effort to compile all such possible publications and present them in the form of a prescription for a particular disease condition, covering eighteen diseases.
The moving wall represents the time period between the last issue available in jstor and the most recently published issue of a journal. Shellac that is produced by the lac insects of the genus kerria is widely used in chemicals, electronics, military, food, and other industries. Pdf methods of processing of lac laccifer lacca kerr. Lac are used for electronics, printing, textile, clothing, cosmetics, and food industry. Lac insect of south east asia is referred to as kerria chinensis. These branches are cut off once the deposits are adequate and the resin sourced is processed. Of the many species of lac insect, laccifer lacca, tachardia lacca is the commercially cultured lac insect. Almost all physicians mentioned the medicinal properties and. Lac is produced mainly in india, bangladesh, thailand, and china. An authors major commitment is to present a concise, accurate account of the research performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance.