The nutritional composition of breast milk begins with fat. Key words breast milk fat, fatty acid composition, lactation, lipids. Factors affecting breast milk composition and potential. Regulationguidance documents regulatory informationucm4006pdf. Here we report the validation of a dried milk spot dms system to measure fa composition to help overcome these obstacles. The composition of human milk includes numbers for early milk and mature milk from the australian national health and medical research councils nhmrc infant feeding guidelines for health workers note.
Longitudinal decreases in milk concentrations of zinc. Analysis of breast milk fatty acid composition using dried. We know the importance of water, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins in the human body, but lets explore how these elements affect the nutritional value of human breast milk to help an infant grow and develop. Factors affecting breast milk composition and potential consequences for development of the allergic phenotype. Milk dha levels vary widely around the world and are highly correlated to the mothers intake of dha.
Therefore, the composition of breast milk is widely believed to be specifically tailored by each mother to precisely reflect the requirements of her infant. Breastmilk contains many factors which help protect against infection and inflammation and contribute to the development of a childs immune system and a healthy gut microbiome. This page from the emedtv library describes the composition of breast milk in more detail and explains how mature milk is further broken down into two types. Breastmilk composition display no sales tax cascade. The composition of milk varies according to the animal from which it comes, providing. Compromises have to be made between the physiological constraints to milk synthesis and selective pressures to maximize offspring survival. All that breast milk protein is made up of amino acids. Human milk contains growth factors that can protect immature tissue, promote maturation especially in the gastrointes tinal tract, and promote healing of tissue damaged by infection 1. Breast milk exclusive breastfeeding widely recommended optimal nutrition for health, growth and development a highly complex mixture of nutrients dissolved or emulsified in water human milk composition is influenced by.
The composition of breast milk of the many components we know exist in breast milk, a few stand out because they are familiar to us. There are more than 20 of these compounds in your milk. Breast milk and formula storage guidelines breast milk formula storage instructions for prepared formula. In examining the evidence concerning the influence of maternal nutrition on human milk composition, the subcommittee considered the broad spectrum of constituents of milk, the normal variation in their concentrations, and factors in addition to maternal nutrition that influence those variations. Total solids, fat and protein all varied significantly during lactation.
Breast milk or mothers milk is milk produced by mammary glands located in the breast of a. Review of the new zealand interpretation of the world. Breastfeeding, also known as nursing, is the feeding of babies and young children with milk from a womans breast. Some of them, called nucleotides, increase at night and scientists think they may induce sleep. Milk and dairy products in human nutrition food and agriculture.
Infant feeding guidelines information for health workers. Impact of breast milk intake on body composition at term in very preterm babies. Formula feeding a personal decision choosing whether to breastfeed or formula feed your baby is one of the first decisions expectant parents will make. In order to calculate the nutrient intakes of breastfed infants from these consumption data, accurate data on the nutrient composition of breast milk are required.
While other components of breast milk vary widely between wellnourished and poorly nourished mothers, the amount of lysozyme is conserved, suggesting that it is very important. Lactoengineering breast milk and fortification of human milk. Human milk composition provides the standard for human infant nutrition, including the bioactive components that safeguard infant growth and development. This turns out to be a quixotic quest since human milk is a complex body fluid that is variable not only among individuals, but within an individual over time. However, the composition of human breast milk is dynamic and changes over time. Marsupial milk, nevertheless, can be very high in carbohydrates, but the sugars are primarily oligo and polysaccharidesrich in galactose. Breastfeeding is the biologically normal way to feed babies. It shows antibacterial activity towards escherichia coli thus warding of intestine, a potential predator. Hence, the composition of breastmilk is the biological norm for human babies. It has immuneboosting components that are dynamic in responding to your babys needs, making it a pretty amazing first food for your little one.
Breast milk composition of human milk breast milk nutrients. A comparison between human milk and cows milk viva. After being frozen 610 hours 4 hours 4 hours 4 hours storage times may vary for preterm or sick babies. Did you know that the nutrient composition of your breast milk changes throughout each feed every time you breastfeed. Breast milk intake of 10 infants was determined by testweighing for 1 or more months during months 716 of lactation. Over 200 complex sugars called oligosaccharides 6 that act as prebiotics, feeding good bacteria in your babys gut. Marketing of breast milk substitutes who code on 21 may 1981 who 1981. Breast milk or mothers milk is milk produced by mammary glands located in the breast of a human female to feed a child.
Macronutrient, mineral and trace element composition of. All mammalian species produce milk, but the composition of milk for each species varies widely and other kinds of milk are often. The fat and lactose, respectively, provide 50% and 40% of the total energy of the milk 11. Breast milk volume and composition during late lactation. Effect of increasing protein content of human milk fortifier on growth in preterm infants born at apr 05, 2018 10 fun facts about the composition of breast milk. Breastmilk contains many factors which help protect against infection and inflammation and contribute to the development of a childs immune system and a. Health professionals recommend that breastfeeding begin within the first hour of a babys life and continue as often and as much as the baby wants. However, the nutritional composition of breast milk includes over 100 different components most of which we still do not know how they affect babys growth and development. Carbohydrate derived energy and gross energy absorption in preterm infants fed. It might look like youre producing very little colostrum, but rest assured the quantity is more than enough for your baby, as this first milk is very rich and nutritious. Breast milk composition in order to recognize the benefits of breastfeeding, you may want to understand the composition of breast milk. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been. Sep 25, 2014 composition of breast milk vs cows milk carbohydrate. Fat content and fatty acid composition in vegetarians and nonvegetarians may 1985 american journal of clinical nutrition 414.
This variability has benefits for infant health and. The fundamental composition of breast milk includes, protein, salt, and sugar, which are all contained in a fat suspension. Milk is the primary source of nutrition for newborns before they are able to eat and digest other foods. Breast milk and formula milk compositions cocoscience. This discussion of the subcommittees findings is not meant to be exhaustive. The breast milk samples were analyzed for protein, fat, fatty acid profile, ash, selected minerals calcium, magnesium, selenium, zinc, and. The aim of this study was to examine 1 the breastmilk macronutrient and vitamin a composition in women who had and who had not undergone bs and. Soon after that, in 2009, a comprehensive study molinari et al. The 3 models showing colostrum, hindmilk, and foremilk provide instructive visuals and accompanying twosided tent card explains the nutritional value of each component of breastmilk.
Breast milk contains a higher concentration of lactoferrin at 0. Breast milk is the best medicine for all babies including the premature. The composition of human milk is variable within feeds, diurnally, over lactation, and between mothers and populations. Found in both amniotic fluid and breast milk, egf is critical to the maturation and healing. The composition of human milk includes numbers for. The term transitional milk is sometimes used to describe the postcolostral period 7 to 21 days post partum, when changes in milk composition occur less rapidly than in the first few days following parturition. It is poorly digested and may cause bleeding of the gastrointestinal. Human milk components and the benefits of breast feeding. Yall the bond and synchronicity of you and your baby helps compose the breast milk to be exactly what it is. Infant formula attempts to mimic the nutritional composition of breast milk as closely. Breastmilk composition australian breastfeeding association. Milk composition nutrition during lactation ncbi bookshelf. Composition of human milk 3 has been obtained by whole breast expression may not be identical in composition to suckled milk. The levels of protein in cows milk are much higher 50% to 75% greater than in human milk.
Pdf pbreastfeeding is widely acknowledged as the normal and. In addition to those nutrients breast milk also provides the infant with immune factors, growth and hormone factors, and enzymes. Breast milk composition of 119 samples collected by 46 women during months 720 of lactation was compared with composition of 101 samples collected at 46 months. Comparing infant formulas with human milk infant formula. Exclusive human milk feeding for the first 6 months of life, with continued breastfeed ing for 1 to 2 years of life or longer, is recognized as the normative standard. The variation in milk composition between species is one of them. The infant helps determine the composition of the feed. Cochrane central register of controlled trials 01 january 2019 publisher. Composition of human breast milk human breast milk is a complex matrix with a general composition of 87% water, 3. Jan 25, 2016 the effect of breast milk fatty acid fa composition, particularly levels of docosahexaenoic acid dha, on infant health outcomes is unclear.
Request pdf on sep 16, 2015, nicholas j andreas and others published human breast milk. Exclusive human milk feeding for the first 6 months of life, with continued breastfeeding for 1 to 2 years of life or longer, is recognized as the normative standard for infant feeding. In 2007, researchers discovered milk stem cells cregan et al. Scientists continue to discover and characterise new components in human milk, and the journey is far from over. Part of the reason for this is difficulties in collecting, storing and shipping milk samples to the laboratory. Human breast milk contains lysozyme a potent digestive ingredient at a level thirty times higher than in any formula. Dry matter content of the milk was measured to be 10. Milk composition the milk composition data is shown in table 5. Every drop of milk is valuable and small or sick babies bene.
Considering that in exclusively breast fed infants, breast milk is the sole source of the nutrition for the first few months of life, it is important to have accurate data on its composition. Munblit, department of paediatrics, imperial college london, london, uk. The american academy of pediatrics aap joins other organizations such as the american medical association ama, the american dietetic association ada, and the world health. An easy way to make the switch from whole milk is to do it gradually. New zealand is a signatory to the who code, so is committed to working towards meeting the who codes. Read on to discover the mindblowing ways that breastmilk changes, from composition to colour to taste. Neither whole milk nor skim milk is an acceptable alternative for infant feeding. International inflammation inflame network, of the world universities network wun. Therefore, the composition of breast milk is widely believed to be specifically tailored by each mother to precisely reflect the requirements of. The composition of human milk is variable within feeds, diurnally, over lactation, and.
If you take all the water out of breast milk, half of whats left behind is fat. Historically one approach to match humanmilk composition is to add new ingredients see appendix b for the composition of formulas and human milk. There are three stages that breast milk goes through in the first few months. Rapid and selective manipulation of milk fatty acid composition in.
Breast milk contains over 200 nutritional, as well as functional, components. Lactoferrin is an iron binding glycoprotein that exists in cow milk at the level of 0. The mothers were aged between 20 and 38years, they were on the average 150 to 160cm tall and weighed 60 to 70kg. The effect of breast milk fatty acid fa composition on infant health outcomes is a promising area of research. The composition of human breast milk changes in response to many factors, matching the infants requirements according to its age and other characteristics. In particular, the fat content, a major determinant of energy content, may be higher in expressed milk, which may result in an overestimation of the energy density of suckled milk lucas et al. Human milk composition breastfeeding infant nutrition pasteurization bioactive factors key points human milk composition provides the standard for human infant nutrition, including the bioactive components that safeguard infant growth and development. Composition of breast milk vs cows milk carbohydrate.
Theres a reason why breastmilk is referred to as liquid gold. Mature milk comes in around 4872 hours after birth. I find the human body truly amazing and i hope that this blog will help you understand why formula will never come close to replacing. Nutritional composition of breast milk breastfeeding. Follow on formula distribution of samples 14 research concerns 15.